Top-Down Vs Bottom-Up Processing of Knowledge in Foreign Language Learning
Keywords:
top-down approach, bottom-up approach, foreign language acquisition, knowledge-driven, data-driven, decoding, input processing, personal learner attributesAbstract
This study expands on one of the most-discussed, yet not fully explored areas in reading and listening comprehension of English as a second and/or foreign language learners. Two approaches in this process are explained academically through the analysis of several sources by linguists and scholars. Furthermore, during the research, it was identified that the personal attributes of the learners also play a role in the preference of the two approaches in their input of the target language. The collected literature review summarizes the differences between top-down and bottom-up approaches.
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